The modules draw on basic concepts in physical Geography and the functioning of environmental systems. They focus on an integrated, process-related, systems approach to studying the earth and its spatial variability. Modules encompass cartographic theory and the map skills as integral components of enquiry.

Four Systems are Studied:

Atmosphere – the structure and composition of the atmosphere and human influence on it; weather and climate.

Biosphere – basic ecological concepts pertinent to populations, communities and ecosystems.

Hydrosphere – the hydrological cycle, transport by running water, coastal processes.

Lithosphere – broad-scale lithospheric processes; the composition and dynamics of the earth’s crustal system.

Knowing about the physical geography of the planet is important because the natural processes of the earth affect the distribution of resources, the conditions of human settlement, and have resulted in a plethora of varied impacts to human populations throughout the millennia.